(With the amendments agreed upon during the meeting of the “Syrian National Bloc” on July 12, 2025)
All members of the Syrian National Bloc — political, civil, social forces, and individual members — commit themselves to the fundamental principles, so that these principles become supra-constitutional, serving as a framework for safeguarding the essential values of the state and society, particularly during the current transitional phase.
Based on these principles and foundations, we reaffirm the key constitutional rules that must be enshrined in the forthcoming Syrian constitution, along with the fundamental laws associated with it, namely:

1. The geographical and political unity of Syria is indivisible. Any calls for partition or secession shall be criminalized.
2. The system of governance is republican, based on the rule of law, respect for human dignity and the will of the people, with a commitment to building a free, just, and cohesive society.
3. The Syrian people uphold their unity and national rights linked to sovereignty over the entirety of Syrian territory, including the liberation of occupied lands and defending them against any external aggression.
4. Citizenship shall be the foundation of belonging to the state, whereby all citizens are equal in rights and obligations, regardless of gender, color, religion, ethnicity, wealth, or political/party affiliation. Citizenship guarantees every Syrian, at home and abroad, the right to political participation and access to state services without discrimination.
5. Sovereignty belongs to the people, exercised through constitutional mechanisms of voting, allowing for free and democratic expression of will in choosing representatives at both national and local levels. Power must be subject to democratic alternation. In parliamentary elections, Syria shall be considered a single electoral district with closed lists, and results shall be calculated proportionally.
6. All public authorities are bound to respect fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in the constitution and in international covenants ratified by the Syrian state, under the oversight of an independent judiciary ensuring fair trial standards.
7. The army, armed forces, police, security services, and public administration are neutral institutions in political life. They must be composed of members from all regions and social segments, with mandatory service limited to a fixed term defined by the constitution. Their role is to preserve sovereignty, independence, and territorial unity, as regulated by a fundamental law.
8. Judicial independence shall be guaranteed by vesting the power of appointment, promotion, and transfer of judges in a Supreme Judicial Council elected from within the judiciary, based on objective criteria.
9. The constitution shall enshrine the principle of government accountability before parliament, along with a redistribution of powers among the constitutional authorities to ensure balance and complementarity.
10. A Constitutional Court shall be elected with sufficient authority to guarantee the conformity of laws with the constitution and enable citizens to appeal to it for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.
11. The constitution shall guarantee media freedom, recognizing that no democracy can exist without a free, diverse, and pluralistic press that safeguards freedom of expression within the values of Syrian society.
12. The state shall commit to women’s rights, ensuring full parity across the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.
13. The state shall commit to social justice and equitable distribution of national wealth.
14. The state shall respect freedom of conscience, belief, thought, and opinion, and the sanctity of private life.
15. No one shall be compelled to disclose their religion, beliefs, or ideology.
16. Religion belongs to God, and the homeland belongs to all, with the state showing full respect to all religions and beliefs.
17. The state shall guarantee freedom of practicing religious rituals, subject only to restrictions necessary for the protection of public order as defined by law.
18. The state shall protect human rights in accordance with international conventions and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including the right to life, liberty, and dignity.
19. The right to peaceful assembly: Syrians have the right to peaceful assembly without prior authorization. In cases of gatherings or demonstrations in public spaces, the authorities must be notified in advance, but cannot prohibit them unless justified by serious threats to public order, safety, or property.
20. The constitution shall guarantee the cultural and linguistic rights of Syria’s national and ethnic communities, in line with the UN Charter.
21. Incitement to sectarian, ethnic, or racial hatred shall be prohibited and criminalized, while fostering coexistence and strengthening national unity.
22. The constitution shall enshrine the right to establish political parties: Political parties express political pluralism, contribute to shaping public will, and are an essential vehicle for political participation. They shall be formed and operate freely under the constitution, regulated by a fundamental law that guarantees:
– Respect for the constitution and national sovereignty.
– Democratic internal structures and operations.
– No party may be established on a religious, sectarian, tribal, regional, ethnic, or gender basis.
– Public office and state resources shall not be exploited for political, partisan, or electoral purposes.
– No party may be dissolved except by judicial ruling.
23. The constitution shall guarantee the right to join civil society organizations: Associations, unions, and syndicates may freely represent their members’ interests and operate within the freedoms guaranteed by the constitution. They are regulated by a fundamental law that guarantees democratic internal structures and functioning, under the following rules:
– Civil society organizations may not be organically tied to state institutions or political parties.
– Secret or paramilitary organizations are prohibited.
– Such organizations do not require prior authorization but must register in a special registry for purposes of public notification only.
– They cannot be dissolved or suspended except by a justified judicial decision.
– The constitution guarantees the right to freely join civil society organizations, and no one may be compelled to join, except in professional syndicates where membership is mandatory for practicing the profession.
24. The constitution shall guarantee independent constitutional bodies: These bodies support democracy and must be facilitated by all state institutions. They shall have legal personality and administrative and financial independence, elected by parliament with reinforced majorities, and submit annual reports debated in plenary sessions. Laws shall define their structure, representation, election, organization, and accountability. These include:
– The Independent High Electoral Commission.
– The Audiovisual Media Authority.
– The National Human Rights Commission.
– The Reconstruction and Sustainable Development Authority.
– The Transparency and Anti-Corruption Authority.
– The Transitional Justice and Reparation Authority.
25. The constitution shall enshrine the principle of decentralization: Within the unity of Syrian territory and people, the state shall be organized in a decentralized manner to ensure local self-governance and development. The state shall be composed of decentralized units (regions, provinces, municipalities) representing local communities, managed by elected councils, and financially independent, with resources drawn from local revenues, natural wealth, and central government allocations, distributed fairly according to national needs.

Note: Supra-constitutional principles are supreme normative values and shall not be amended or revoked. They must be drafted by a constitutional committee inclusive of the Syrian social and political spectrum, with legal and human rights expertise, and approved by popular referendum.

Binding principles and objectives:
– Achieving transitional justice to redress victims of past and ongoing violations, holding perpetrators accountable, and ensuring reparation for victims.
– Working towards reconstruction and the voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons.
– Guaranteeing security for all Syrians as a prerequisite for stability.
– Achieving civil peace through all possible means.